�����뼤���ٴ�Ӧ��ע���

??Inhaled corticosteroids??ICS?? are the most effective medicine for chronic airway inflammation nowdays. Atomization inhalation has been widely applied in clinics because of its efficacy??fewer side-effects and convenience. Here??we focused on some points which should be paid attention to??including how to choose appropriate patients??how to ensure the effectiveness of inhaled steroids and how to reduce possible side-effects.     

芩香清解口服液联合利巴韦林治疗儿童上呼吸道感染的临床研究

目的探讨芩香清解口服液联合利巴韦林注射液治疗儿童上呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法选取2017年7月—2018年9月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的上呼吸道感染患儿114例作为研究对象,将患儿根据随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各57例。对照组静脉滴注利巴韦林注射液,10mg/kg加入到100m L葡萄糖注射液中充分稀释,1次/d。治疗组在对照组的基础上口服芩香清解口服液,10 mL/次,3次/d。两组患儿均治疗3 d。观察两组患儿的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后的临床症状改善时间和炎症因子水平。结果治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为92.98%,显著高于对照组的78.95%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组的退热时间、止咳时间、咽痛消失时间、止涕时间均显著短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组炎症因子水平明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论芩香清解口服液联合利巴韦林注射液能提高儿童上呼吸道感染的疗效,降低血清炎症因子水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

雾化吸入布地奈德治疗婴儿支气管肺发育不良的临床疗效

[摘要]目的：探讨雾化吸入布地奈德治疗婴儿支气管肺发育不良（BPD）的临床疗效。方法：收集2015年1月至2018年5月成都市妇女儿童医院儿童呼吸科住院部及呼吸专科门诊收治的28例支气管肺发育不良患儿及30例健康婴儿的病例资料,比较BDP患儿与健康婴儿肺功能指标及BDP患儿雾化吸入布地奈德治疗前后的临床疗效。结果：BDP患儿的潮气肺功能达峰时间比、达峰容积比、小气道功能指标（TEF75、TEF50）明显低于健康婴儿,且差异有统计学意义。雾化吸入布地奈德治疗后,BDP患儿呼吸道感染次数、喘息次数改善不明显,但住院次数明显下降（P<0.01）,潮气肺功能主要参数潮气量（VT/kg）、呼吸时间比（Ti/Te）、达峰时间比（TPTEF/TE）、呼出75%潮气容积时呼气流量（TEF25）、呼出75%潮气容积时呼气流量（TEF50）、呼出75%潮气容积时呼气流量（TEF75）改善不明显,达峰容积比（VPTEF/VE）明显改善（P<0.01）。结论：雾化吸入布地奈德治疗支气管肺发育不良在减少住院次数、改善患儿潮气肺功能方面有一定临床效果。     

撞击器法评估吸入制剂空气动力学粒径分布的研究进展

空气动力学粒径分布（APSD）是吸入制剂体外质量评价的重要检测项目,级联撞击器法是国际公认的气溶胶APSD测定方法,并且已被多国药典收载。其通过体外模拟气溶胶经过呼吸道到达肺部不同部位的沉积情况,对吸入制剂的研究开发具有重要的指导意义。综述了目前国内外药典收载的双级液体撞击器、多级液体撞击器、马普尔-米勒撞击器、安德森级联撞击器、新一代撞击器等撞击器的主要结构以及应用情况。     

吸入粉雾剂工程颗粒技术研究

对于吸入粉雾剂来说,由于活性药物成分（API）较小的粒径和较高的表面能,导致微粉易于团聚,难以分散。微粒间的内聚力和微粒与乳糖间的粘附力导致粉雾剂产品较低的微细粒子比例（FPF）。通过工程颗粒可以改善API微粒的物化性质,进而显著提高DPI产品的递送效率。概述通过工程颗粒的制备API微粉的方法,包括反溶剂结晶、湿法粉碎/研磨、喷雾/冷冻干燥、超临界流体等方法,可以显著提高粉雾剂的雾化性能。     

COVID-19疫情中的生物力学问题

新型冠状病毒肺炎自爆发以来,已成为全球关注的焦点。由于疫情来势迅猛,给医疗制度体系、医疗资源、应急处置、医疗器械等提出了严峻的挑战,也暴露出其中诸多不足。以病毒的体外活性规律研究、气溶胶传播的生物力学问题、呼吸性疾病对心血管疾病影响的研究、公共交通和公共场所中通风方式的改进、医疗器械的生物力学研究为例,应用生物力学的原理、观点和方法,认识和剖析其中所存在和亟待改进的问题,期望生物力学能在疫情防控中发挥学科优势和力量,以此促进生物力学学科发展。     

A randomized study on Peg-interferon alfa-2a with or without ribavirin in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We performed a randomized trial on pegylated interferon alfa-2a (Peg-IFNalpha) monotherapy vs Peg-IFNalpha and ribavirin in non-cirrhotic liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C. METHODS: Forty-two patients transplanted for HCV-related cirrhosis 12-96 months earlier were randomized to Peg-IFNalpha monotherapy (180 microg weekly) or Peg-IFNalpha and ribavirin, up to the maximum tolerated dose, for 48 weeks. RESULTS: Early virological response (EVR, i.e., HCV-RNA2 log drop at week 12) occurred in 76% of the monotherapy and 71% of the combination groups, respectively (intention-to treat). Sustained virological response (SVR) occurred in 8 (38%) and 7 (33%) patients, respectively. EVR had a positive predictive value for SVR of 50% and 47%, respectively, and a 100% negative predictive value in both groups. Six drop-outs occurred in the monotherapy (including 3 rejections) and 7 in the combination groups (including one rejection). Peg-INFalpha dose was reduced in 7 and 8 patients, respectively. The average daily dose of ribavirin was 435 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: Peg-IFNalpha-2a, with or without ribavirin, induces SVR in one-third of transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C. Treatment cessation is indicated in patients without EVR. The low SVR rate is mainly due to inability to sustain full doses of antivirals and lack of the booster effect of ribavirin.     

Co-infection of SENV-D among chronic hepatitis C patients treated with combination therapy with high-dose interferon-alfa and ribavirin

AIM: The clinical significance of co-infection of SENV-D among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CMC) and response of both viruses to combination therapy with high-dose interferon-alfa (IFN) plus ribavirin remain uncertain and are being investigated. METHODS: Total 164 (97 males and 67 females, the mean age 48.1±11.4 years, range: 20-73 years, 128 histologically proved) naive CMC patients were enrolled in this study. SENV-D DNA was tested by PCR method. Detection of serum HCV RNA was performed using a standardized automated qualitative RT-PCR assay (COBAS AMPLICOR HCV Test, version 2.0). HCV genotypes la, 1b, 2a, 2b, and 3a were determined by using genotype-specific primers. Pretreatment HCV RNA levels were determined by using the branched DNA assay (Quantiplex HCV RNA 3.0). There are 156 patients receiving combination therapy with IFN 6 MU plus ribavirin for 24 wk and the response to therapy is determined. RESULTS: Sixty-one (37.2%) patients were positive for SENV-D DNA and had higher mean age than those who were negative (50.7±10.6 years vs46.6±11.6 years, P= 0.026). The rate of sustained viral response (SVR) for HCV and SENV-D were 67.3% (105/156) and 56.3% (27/48), respectively. By univariate analysis, the higher rate of SVR was significantly related to HCV genotype non-1b (P<0.001), younger ages (P = 0.014), lower pretreatment levels of HCV RNA (P = 0.019) and higher histological activity index (HAI) score for intralobular regeneration and focal necrosis (P= 0.037). By multivariate analyses, HCV genotype non-lb, younger age and lower pretreatment HCV RNA levels were significantly associated with HCV SVR (odds ratio (OR)/95% confidence interval (CI): 12.098/0.02-0.19, 0.936/0.890-0.998, and 3.131/1.080-9.077, respectively). The SVR of SENV-D was higher among patients clearing SENV-D than those who had viremia at the end of therapy (P= 0.04). CONCLUSION: Coexistent SENV-D infection, apparently associated with higher ages, is found in more than one-third Taiwanese CHC patients. Both HCV and SENV-D are highly susceptible to combination therapy with high-dose IFN and ribavirin and SENV-D co-infection does not affect the HCV response. HCV genotype, pretreatment HCV RNA levels and age are predictive factors for HCV SVR.     

开喉剑喷剂（儿童型）治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎疗效观察

目的：观察开喉剑喷雾剂(儿童型)治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎的疗效。方法将76例疱疹性咽峡炎患儿,随机分为对照组和治疗组各38例,两组皆选用α1b干扰素肌肉注射治疗及症治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用开喉剑喷雾剂（儿童型）,观察临床症状、体征消退时间。结果开喉剑喷雾剂治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎治疗组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论开喉剑喷雾剂是治疗小儿疱疹性咽峡炎的有效方法。